30″ October “2022,” BBC
Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee London iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge ayaa sheegay in ay diyaar u yihiin in ay Zimbabwe iska kaashadaan sidii loo soo celin lahaa haraadiga dadka ee la qaaday xilligii gumeysiga.
Hadalkan cusub ayaa imaanaya kadib markii wafdi ka socda Zimbabwe ay wadahadalo la yeesheen mas’uuliyiinta labada hay’adood.
Dadka reer Zimbabwe waxay raadinayaan madaxyada geesiyaashii gumaysi-diidka ee qarnigii 19-aad dabayaaqadiisa, kuwaas oo ay aaminsan yihiin inay ku jiri karaan UK.
Laakiin kuwaas weli lama helin.
Maamulka Zimbabwe ayaa in badan ka shakiyay in haraadiga qaar ka mid ah hogaamiyayaashii kacdoonka looga soo horjeeday gumeystihii Ingiriiska sanadihii 1890-meeyadii – oo loo yaqaanay First Chimurenga – loo qaaday UK si ay ugu noqoto koobab.
Midda ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahayd haweeney loo yaqaan Mbuya Nehanda. Marxuumadda ayaa lagu toogtay magaalada caasimadda ah ee Harare, waxaana lagu tix-geliyay halyey qaran.
Markii la baarayay kaydkeeda, Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah wuxuu daaha ka qaaday 11 hadhaa “kuwaas oo u muuqda inay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen Zimbabwe” – laakiin diiwaankeedu kuma xirna Nehanda. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah saddex dhafoof oo la qaaday 1893-kii, oo loo maleynayo inay ka yimaadeen magaalada labaad ee Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, iyo sidoo kale haraagii oo laga helay miinada iyo meelaha qadiimiga ah oo markii dambe lagu deeqay.
Shaybaadhka Duckworth ee Jaamacadda Cambridge si gaar ah uma uusan sheegin, isagoo si fudud u sheegay in ay hayaan “tiro yar oo haraaga bani’aadam ah oo Zimbabwe ka timid”, laakiin bayaan ay u dirtay BBC-da ayay ku sheegtay in aysan midkoodna ku aqoonsanin in mid ka mid ah kuwan ay leeyihiin tirooyinka First Chimurenga.
Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah, oo leh 25,000 oo haraaga aadanaha ah, iyo Shaybaadhka Duckworth, oo leh 18,000, ayaa leh qaar ka mid ah kaydadka ugu weyn adduunka.
Kuwani waxay ka yimaadeen ilo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin qodista qadiimiga ah ee goobaha qadiimiga ah, laakiin qaar badan oo asal ah oo sax ah ayaa la qariyey waqti.
Xilligii gumeysiga, xubnaha jirka ayaa mararka qaarkood laga soo saari jiray goobaha dagaalka ama waxaa laga soo qodi jiray qabuuraha ama koobab ahaan ama cilmi baaris lagu sameeyay goob cilmiyeed oo hadda la aqoonsan yahay.
Qarnigii 19-aad, phrenology, oo baadhay fikradda ah in sifooyinka aadanaha lagu go’aamin karo qaabka madaxa, ayaa aad caan uga ahaa UK iyo qaybaha kale ee Yurub. Bulshooyinka phrenological ayaa ururin doona madaxa madaxa si ay gacan uga geystaan horumarinta aragtida, taas oo qaar ka mid ah ku fidday kala soocidda jinsiyadda.
Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-baarayaasha ayaa soo bandhigay in qaabka madaxa uu tilmaamayo in dadka ka yimid meelo kala duwan oo adduunka ah ay yihiin kuwo ka hooseeya.
Qaar ka mid ah kaydka hadda ka jira Boqortooyada Midowday ee Ingiriiska ayaa ah isku-darka waxa ay ururiyeen bulshooyinka phrenological-ga ah iyo sidoo kale kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay.
Dowladda Zimbabwe ayaa aaminsan in si uun madaxyada geesiyaasha dalkaas ay ku dhammaadeen kaydka madxafka Ingiriiska.
Waxaa ka mid ahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha ruuxiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Charwe Nyakasikana, oo loo yaqaan Mbuya (Ayeeyo) Nehanda maadaama ay ahayd dhexdhexaadiyaha ruuxa awoowaha ee Nehanda. Waxaa la xiray ka dib markii lagu eedeeyay inay dishay sarkaal British ah.
Nehanda ayaa markaas la deldelay oo jirkeeda madaxa laga jaray, sida la rumeysan yahay. Wixii ku xigay ma cadda, balse sannadihii u dambeeyay, mas’u壯陽藥 uliyiinta Zimbabwe ayaa dhowr jeer oo hore fagaare ku sheegay hadallo ay ku sheegeen in uu ku dhammaaday Madxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah.
Iyada oo oohin dhimasho ah oo ah “lafahaygu hubaal way kici doonaan”, Nehanda waxay noqotay calaamad sii kordheysa oo astaan u ah kuwa la dagaallamaya xukunka dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee waxa loo yaqaan Rhodesia dabayaaqadii 1960-yadii.
Taallada Nehanda oo saddex mitir ah ayaa hadda dul taagan waddo weyn oo ku taal bartamaha magaalada Harare. Daah-furkeeda 2021-ka, Madaxweyne Emmerson Mnangagwa waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu sii wadi doono baaqa soo celinta dhafoorkeeda iyo kuwa kale ee Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah.
Dadka reer Zimbabwe, madaxa oo laga qaado “waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad si dhab ah u ciqaabteen qofka xabaasha ka shisheeya”, Godfrey Mahachi, oo hogaaminayay wafdiga UK, ayaa BBC u sheegay 2020 markii booqashada la qorsheeyay.
“Haddii madaxa la kala saaro, taasi waxay la macno tahay in ruuxa qofkaas uu weligiis sii jiri doono oo uusan waligiis degin.”
Inkastoo aan la helin wax ay raadinayeen wafdiga Zimbabwe, haddana Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge labaduba waxay sheegeen inay ka go’an tahay inay dowladda Zimbabwe kala shaqeeyaan sidii loo soo celin lahaa wixii la helay.
Iyada oo qayb ka ah siyaasaddeeda dib u celinta, horaantii sanadkan, Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ayaa soo celiyay awoowayaasha Moriori iyo hadhaagii Maori.
War saxaafadeed ka soo baxay shir ay dhawaan yeesheen golaha wasiirada dowladda Zimbabwe ayaa lagu sheegay in wafdigii u tagay UK ay ku qanceen in “Runtii ay jiraan haraadiga dad asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Zimbabwe oo ku sugan UK”.
“Dowladdu wax dadaal ah kuma bixin doonto si loo xaqiijiyo dib u celinta awoowyaasheen,” ayay raacisay.
Wafdiga Zimbabwe ayaa sidoo kale wadahadal la yeeshay Matxafka Britishka, Jaamacadda Oxford ee Pitt Rivers Museum, Jaamacadda Manchester Museum iyo Keydka Qaranka ee UK. Balse wax tafaasiil ah lagama bixin waxyaabihii laga wada hadlay.
Inkastoo guul la’aanta safarkan UK, muhiimada taariikhiga ah ee Zimbabwe ee haraaga Nehanda iyo kuwa kale waxay la macno tahay in raadinta ay sii socon doonto.
