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18″ Aug”2022″ CNN
Ku dhawaad 100 sano ka dib markii uu dabar go’ay, shabeelkii Tasmania ayaa laga yaabaa inuu mar kale noolaado. Saynis yahannadu waxay rabaan inay dib u soo nooleeyaan hilibka hilibka hilibka ah ee xariifsan, oo si rasmi ah loo yaqaan thylacine, kaasoo dhex wareegi jiray baadiyaha Australia.
Mashruuca hamiga leh wuxuu ka faa’iidaysan doonaa horumarka laga gaaray hidda-socodka, dib-u-soo-celinta DNA-da qadiimiga ah iyo taran-farsameedka si loo soo celiyo xayawaanka.
“Waxaan si adag ugu doodi lahayn in marka hore aan u baahanahay inaan ka ilaalino kala duwanaanshaha nooleheena inaan ka ilaalino dabargo kale, laakiin nasiib daro ma aragno hoos u dhac ku yimid luminta noocyada,” ayuu yiri Andrew Pask, oo ah borofisar wax ka dhiga Jaamacadda Melbourne iyo madaxa Thylacine Integrated. Shaybaarka Cilmi-baarista Dib-u-soo-celinta Hidde-raaca, oo hoggaaminaya hindisaha.
Qiyaastii cabbirka kootiga, thylacine-ka ayaa la waayay qiyaastii 2,000 oo sano ka hor meel walba marka laga reebo jasiiradda Australia ee Tasmania. Sida ugaaratada kaliya ee marsupial apex-ka ee noolaa wakhtiyada casriga ah, waxa ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay hab-nololeedkeeda
Degenayaashii reer Yurub ee jasiiradda 1800-meeyadii waxay Thylacines ku eedeeyeen khasaarihii xoolaha (inkasta oo, inta badan, eyda xun-xun iyo maamul-xumada deegaanka ay ku nool yihiin ayaa dhab ahaantii dambiilayaasha ahaa), waxayna ugaarsadeen shabeellada Tasmanian-ka xishoodka ah, seminocturnal ilaa ay dabar-go’aan.
Thylacine-kii ugu dambeeyay ee ku noolaa maxbuus, oo lagu magacaabo Benjamin, ayaa u dhintay soo-gaadhistii 1936-kii gudaha Beerta Xayawaanka ee Beaumaris ee Hobart, Tasmania. Khasaarahan muhiimka ah wuxuu dhacay waxyar kadib markii thylacines la siiyay heerka la ilaaliyo, laakiin aad bay u daahday in la badbaadiyo noocyada.
Naqshad hidde-side
Mashruucu waxa uu ku lug leeyahay dhowr tillaabo oo adag oo ay ku jiraan sayniska iyo teknoolajiyada casriga ah, sida tafatirka hidda-socodka iyo dhisidda ilmo-galeenka macmalka ah.
Marka hore, kooxdu waxay dhisi doonaan genome faahfaahsan oo xayawaankii dabar go’ay oo waxay barbar dhigi doonaan kan qaraabada nool ee ugu dhow — hilib hilib jiir cabbirkiisu yahay oo loo yaqaan dunnart-dabo buuran — si loo aqoonsado faraqa u dhexeeya.
“Waxaan markaa ka soo qaadnaa unugyada nool dunnart-ka oo aan tafatirno DNA-da meel kasta oo ay kaga duwan tahay thylacine. Waxaan asal ahaan injineerinka u nahay unugga dunnart-ka si uu u noqdo unugga shabeelka Tasmania,” Pask ayaa sharraxay.
Marka kooxdu ay si guul leh u habayso unug, Pask wuxuu yidhi unugga asliga ah iyo farsamooyinka taranka ee ku lug leh dunnarts sida kuwa beddelka ah “ay u rogi doonaan unuggaas xayawaan nool.”
Hadafkayaga ugu dambeeya ee tiknoolajiyadani waa in aan dib u soo celinno noocyadan duurjoogta ah, halkaas oo ay ka ciyaareen door muhiim ah nidaamka deegaanka. Markaa rajadayada kama dambaysta ahi waa inaad mar kale ku arki doontaan dhulka baadiyaha ah ee Tasmania, ”ayuu yiri
Dunnart-ka dufanka leh aad ayuu uga yar yahay shabeelka Tasmania ee qaangaarka ah, laakiin Pask wuxuu sheegay in dhammaan xayawaanku ay dhalaan da’yar yar, mararka qaarkoodna u yar sida hadhuudh bariis ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in xitaa mouse-size marsupial ay u adeegi karto sidii hooyo ku-meel-gaar ah oo loogu talagalay xayawaanka weyn ee weyn sida thylacine, ugu yaraan marxaladaha hore.
Dib ugu soo celinta thylacine-ka caadodeedii hore waa in si taxadar leh loo sameeyaa, Pask ayaa ku daray.
“Siideyn kasta oo sidan oo kale ah waxay u baahan tahay in la barto xayawaanka iyo isdhexgalka nidaamka deegaanka ee xilliyo badan iyo meelo badan oo dhul ah oo xiran ka hor inta aadan ka fekerin dib u habeyn buuxda,” ayuu yidhi.
Kooxdu ma aysan dejin wakhtiga mashruuca, laakiin Lamm waxa uu sheegay in uu u malaynayo in horumarku uu ka dhakhso badan yahay dadaalka lagu soo celinayo naasaha dhogorta leh, isaga oo xusay in maroodigu uu aad uga dheeryahay uurka marka loo eego dunnarts.
Farsamooyinka ayaa sidoo kale caawin kara xayawaannada noolasha, sida shaydaanka Tasmania, ka fogaanshaha masiirka thylacine maadaama ay la tacaalayaan dab kaynta oo sii xoogaysanaya taasoo ka dhalatay xiisadda cimilada.
“Tignoolajiyada aan horumarineyno si aan u baabi’inno thylacine dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin faa’iidooyin ilaalin degdeg ah – hadda – si loo ilaaliyo noocyada xayawaanka. iimaylka
“Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan wali la’nahay tignoolajiyada aan ku qaadano nudahaas — abuurno unugyo stem marsupial – ka dibna unugyadaas u beddelo xayawaan nool. Taasi waa tignoolajiyada aan horumarin doono qayb ka mid ah mashruucan.
Xayawaanka isku-dhafan
Jidka hore loo maro, si kastaba ha ahaatee, maaha mid la gooyay oo qallalan. Tom Gilbert, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan machadka GLOBE ee jaamacadda Kobanheegan, ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan xaddidaadyo waaweyn oo lagu joojinayo dabar-goynta.
Dib u soo celinta hiddo-wadaha buuxa ee xayawaanka lumay ee DNA-da ee ku jira qalfoofkii hore ee thylacine waa arrin aad u adag, sidaas awgeedna macluumaadka hiddesideyaasha qaarkood ayaa la waayi doonaa, ayuu yidhi Gilbert, oo sidoo kale ah maamulaha Xarunta Cilmi-baadhista Qaranka ee Danmark ee Evolutionary Hologenomics. Waxa uu bartay dib u soo noolaynta jiirkii dabar go’ay ee Christmas Island, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan jiirka Maclear, laakiin kuma lug yeesho mashruuca thylacine.
Kooxdu ma awoodi doonto inay si sax ah u abuurto thylacine laakiin taa beddelkeeda waxay ku dambayn doontaa abuurista xayawaan isku-dhafan, oo ah nooca thylacine oo la beddelay.
Uma badna inaan helno isku xigxiga genome-ga buuxa ee noocyada dabar go’a, sidaas darteed marnaba ma awoodno inaan si buuxda u abuurno genome-ka qaabka lumay. Mar walba waxa jiri doona qaybo aan la beddeli karin,” Gilbert ayaa ku yidhi iimaylka.
“Waxay ku qasbanaan doonaan inay doortaan waxa isbeddelaya si ay u sameeyaan. Sidaas awgeed natiijadu waxay noqon doontaa isku-dhafan.”
Waa suurtogal, ayuu yidhi, in thylacine-ka isku-dhafan ee hidde ahaan aan dhammaystirnayn uu yeelan karo dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo laga yaabo in aanu sii noolaan haddii aanay gargaar badan ka helin bini-aadmiga. Khubarada kale ayaa su’aal ka keenaya fikradda ah in tobanaan milyan oo doollar lagu kharash gareeyo isku dayada baabi’inta marka xayawaanno badan oo nool ay qarka u saaran yihiin inay lumiyaan.
“Aniga ahaan faa’iidada dhabta ah ee mashruuc kasta oo baabi’in ah sida tani waa mid aad u fiican. Samaynta waxay u muuqataa mid aad ii caddaymo si fudud sababtoo ah waxay dadka ku farxi doontaa sayniska, dabeecadda, ilaalinta, “ayuu yiri Gilbert.
“Oo waxaan hubnaa sida jahannamo u baahan tahay in muwaadiniinta cajiibka ah ee adduunkeena haddii aan dooneyno inaan ku noolaano mustaqbalka. Laakiin … ma daneeyayaasha waxay ogaadaan waxa ay heli doonaan ma noqon doonaan thylacine laakiin qaar ka mid ah hybrid aan qummanayn? Waxa aanu samayn ” Baahida weli dad badan ayaa niyad jabsan (ama) dareemaya khiyaamaynta sayniska.
