7″ March “2023
Somalia is working closely to restore peace in its northern breakaway region of Somaliland amid heightening tensions between the region’s authorities and local clan forces, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud told Al Jazeera.
“We believe that unity is the only solution… but we don’t want this unity through violence, which makes matters worse,” Mohamud told Al Jazeera on Monday
Violence erupted after leaders of the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn provinces of Somaliland – which claimed independence from Somalia in 1991 – announced their intention to rejoin Somalia.
Fighting broke out last month around the town of Lascanood in Sool, killing at la 80 people and displacing more than 185,000, according to the UN.
“We’ve been advocating for the last couple of weeks on how we can first stop the violence and then open a space for dialogue,” Mohamud said in a wide-ranging interview in which he talked about the state’s fight against the al-Shabab armed group, a sweeping drought in the country and gender violence.
‘All-out war’ against al-Shabab
In August last year, a few months after being re-elected for a second time, Mohamud declared an “all-out war” against al-Shabab, which has been waging a rebellion against the government since 2007.
Al-Shabab responded with a number of attacks in the capital and other cities, including targeting the mayor’s office in Mogadishu and an attack on a military base.
“The AU has done a good job… and they have been the reason why the Somali state started to grow and [why] it has now reached a level that it provided space for society to grow,” Mohamud said.
“But now it is the Somali army, police and intelligence agencies [that] are running the operations with the support of AU and other international partners.
Challenges will remain in place,” said the president, referring to when AU forces leave next year. “But we are organising … on one hand we’re fighting and, on the other, we are building the security sector.”
Looming famine
The threat of famine in Somalia has been present since the country went through five consecutive failed rainy seasons. It now faces a sixth.
In an assessment last December, the UN estimated that eight million people were badly food insecure and that more than 700,000 could suffer famine between April and June this year if aid supplies are not increased.
However, in its latest report in late February, UN experts said that while food insecurity remains “extremely critical”, they were no longer projecting famine.
“We averted a famine,” said Mohamud. “There is no famine right now and there is no risk of famine in the short term, but it’s looming.
Climate experts and humanitarian workers have warned that trends in recent weeks, including expectations of below-normal rainfall, are worse than those in 2011 when a quarter of a million people died in Somalia due to famine.
There are also concerns among human-rights organisations that data to assess the level of famine is not accurate due to the state of security in certain areas.
Violence against women
Mohamud also acknowledged the issue of gender violence by Somali forces.
In 2021, two UN reports denounced what they described as an “alarming” 80 percent increase in sexual violence in Somalia compared with 2019, mostly carried out by al-Shabab fighters.
But the reports also highlighted how sexual violence – for at least 15 percent of verified cases – was attributed to government security forces.
“[Among the] Bad characteristics of the war is that it reduces the strength of the state institutions, especially when those institutions were weak even before the war. We are not denying that we have that problem, and we are going after it